What is the direct reduced iron process?
Direct reduction (DR): Direct reduction involves the production of solid iron from iron ores and a reducing agent (e.g., natural gas). The solid product is called DRI and is mainly applied as feedstock in EAF.
What country produces the most reduced iron?
Although China and Japan produce more steel, India is the largest producer of direct reduced iron (DRI) in the world. Direct reduced iron can be used in all major types of steel furnaces.
What is direct reduction process?
In a direct reduction process, lump iron oxide pellets and/or lump iron ore, are reduced (oxygen removed) by a reducing gas, producing direct reduced iron (DRI). DRI – also known as direct reduced iron, is a virgin iron source that is relatively uniform in composition, and virtually free from tramp elements.
What is DRI in steel making?
Introduction. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is the second most viable source of virgin iron used in steelmaking after pig iron or hot metal produced in blast furnaces. DRI is produced by direct reduction of iron ore using carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Why it is called sponge iron?
WHY IS IT CALLED SPONGE IRON? Iron oxide ores taken out from the Earth are allowed to absorb carbon by a reduction process. In this natural reduction, as the iron ore is warmed up with carbon, it results in a surface with hole marks, hence the name “Sponge Iron”.
What is the purpose of reduced iron in food?
Energy. Insufficient iron in the diet can affect the efficiency with which the body uses energy. Iron carries oxygen to the muscles and brain and is crucial for both mental and physical performance. Low iron levels may result in a lack of focus, increased irritability, and reduced stamina.
Where is reduced iron produced?
Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Many ores are suitable for direct reduction.
What is the difference between direct reduction and indirect reduction?
There are two reduction methods: Direct reduction where every fragment under direct vision is restored. Indirect reduction where the direction is done without direct view on the fracture.
What is ore reduction?
T RON ore reduction is the conversion of iron. oxide minerals to metallic iron. The chemical reactions involved take place in the blast furnace during the production of hot metal or in the several proposed solid-state processes that pro- duce sponge iron.
Why Dolomite is used in DRI?
High silica (SiO2) content in the dolomite used for sintering purpose is preferred since SiO2 counter the effect of alumina (Al2O3) in the blast furnace. In the production of direct reduced iron (DRI) by the rotary kiln process, dolomite is used as a desulphurizing agent.
Why DRI is called sponge iron?
Coal based Sponge-iron is a metallic product produced through direct reduction of iron ore in the solid state . As such it is also known as Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). After reduction of iron ore pellet the product resembles sponge because of pores left behind after removal of oxygen. As such it is called Sponge Iron.
What is iron sponge made of?
Sponge iron, also called direct reduced iron (DRI), is made from directly changing iron ore (in any form whatsoever) to iron by a cutback gas or carbon, produced from natural gas or coal. It is one of the many raw materials used in sponge iron.
What are the sources of direct reduced iron?
Direct reduced iron is iron ore in the form of lumps, fines or pellets that have had the oxygen removed by using hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Typical sources of carbon monoxide are natural gas, coal gas, and coal. Other energy inputs into the production process often include oil and electricity.
Can a cup of coffee reduce the amount of iron absorbed?
There have been numerous studies conducted on this, including one which found that drinking a cup of coffee can reduce the amount of iron absorbed from a hamburger (red meat is a notoriously high source of iron) by as much as 39%. A cup of tea, however, reduced the amount of iron absorbed by a whopping 64%.
How is direct reduced iron ( DRI ) used in steel manufacturing?
Steel manufacturers are shifting the mode of steel manufacturing, from blast oxygen furnace (BOF)/blast furnace (BF) to EAF, to improve the quality of steel, enhance profit margins and reduce CO? emissions. EAF uses DRI as a supplement in the production of steel, unlike BOF producers who use only iron ore and steel scrap.
What’s the outlook for the direct reduced iron market?
DRI, being one of those substitutes in addition to pig iron and hot briquetted iron (HBI), is thus set for accelerating demand in near term. As more number of steel making companies prioritize countervailing thinning prime scrap supplies at domestic levels, FMI’s analysis projects an optimistic growth outlook for the direct reduced iron market.