What is altitudinal variation?

Altitudinal zonation (or elevational zonation) in mountainous regions describes the natural layering of ecosystems that occurs at distinct elevations due to varying environmental conditions. Zonation also occurs in intertidal and marine environments, as well as on shorelines and in wetlands.

What are secondary metabolites in animals?

Secondary metabolites (SMs) are generally defined as small organic molecules produced by an organism that are not essential for their growth, development and reproduction.

What are the characteristics of secondary metabolites?

Secondary metabolites have the following characteristics: secondary metabolites can be produced only by a few microorganisms. these compounds are not essential for the organisms’s own growth and reproduction.

What are the economical use of secondary metabolites from the plants?

Secondary metabolites of plants. Plant secondary metabolites represent highly economically valuable products. These are used as high value chemicals such as drugs, flavors, fragrances, insecticides, dyes, etc.

Which altitudinal zone is for grazing of farm animals?

Tierra Fria (Cold Land): 6,001 to 12,000 Feet Livestock can graze and be raised on the grasslands. The Inca Empire of the Andes Mountains in South America flourished in this zone.

Which are the three parallel ranges of Himalayas?

The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges, the Greater Himalayas known as the Himadri, the Lesser Himalayas called the Himachal, and the Shivalik hills, which comprise the foothills.

Why do bacteria produce secondary metabolites?

Secondary (or “specialized”) metabolites are auxiliary compounds that microbes produce which are not required for normal cell growth but which benefit the cells in other ways. Secondary metabolites are produced by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), groups of colocated genes that function together to build a molecule.

What are secondary metabolites give examples?

A secondary metabolite is typically present in a taxonomically restricted set of organisms or cells (Plants, Fungi, Bacteria…). Some common examples of secondary metabolites include: ergot alkaloids, antibiotics, naphthalenes, nucleosides, phenazines, quinolines, terpenoids, peptides and growth factors.

Which one of the following is an example of secondary metabolites?

Examples of secondary metabolites with importance in industrial microbiology include atropine and antibiotics such as erythromycin and bacitracin. Atropine, derived from various plants, is a secondary metabolite with important use in the clinic.

What factors vary with altitude?

Air pressure is higher at lower altitudes. Air density is higher at lower altitudes. There is more space between air molecules at higher altitudes. There is less oxygen to breathe at the top of a high mountain than there is at sea level.

What height is considered Alpine?

Alpine biomes are found in mountain regions worldwide, including the Andes, Alps, and Rocky Mountains. The alpine biome usually lies between an altitude of about 10,000 feet (3,000 meters), and the place where the snow line of a mountain begins.