What does D2-40 stain?

D2-40 is a monoclonal antibody that reacts to podoplanin showing membranous staining. Mostly used to show lymphatics (e.g. lymphovascular invasion) and lymphatic differentiation in vascular tumors.

What does D2-40 positive mean?

In the central nervous system tissue, vacuolated cells found in cerebellar hemangioblastoma were demonstrated to be strongly positive with D2-40 antibody, and D2-40 is a useful marker to distinguish hemangioblastoma from metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

What is Calretinin positive?

A calretinin stain tests positive in most cases of mesothelioma. Like many other biomarkers, calretinin is not useful for detecting sarcomatoid cells. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is the rarest cell type and the most difficult to treat.

What does WT 1 positive mean?

WT1-positive tumors included tumor of the stomach, prostate, and biliary and urinary systems, and malignant melanomas. A majority of the positive cases showed diffuse or granular staining in the cytoplasm, whereas ovarian tumors and desmoplastic small round cell tumors frequently showed nuclear staining.

What are Calretinin neurons?

Calretinin is a member of the calcium-binding protein EF-hand family first identified in the retina. More recent experiments have revealed that calretinin plays a crucial role in the modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability and the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP).

What is inhibin and Calretinin?

Calretinin, a calcium-binding protein related structurally to S-100, and inhibin, a polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells and functioning as an inhibitor for pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, are potentially useful but not well-evaluated markers …

What is WT1 marker?

Abstract. Wilms’ tumor gene WT1 encodes a transcription factor and plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. The WT1 gene is highly expressed in leukemia and various types of solid tumors, whereas WT1 is a tumor marker convenient for the detection of minimal residual disease of leukemia.

What does CK7 positive mean?

For example, a CK7-negative/CK20-positive phenotype is often associated with carcinomas of colorectal origin, whereas a CK7-positive/CK20-negative phenotype is seen in a wide variety of carcinomas, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, thyroid, pancreas, and female genital tract.

What is the purpose of Calbindin?

Calbindin is a vitamin D–responsive gene in many tissues, in particular the chick intestine, where it has a clear function in mediating calcium absorption. In the brain, its synthesis is independent of vitamin-D.

What does WT1 positive mean?

What does PAX8 positive mean?

PAX8-positive, calretinin-negative staining appears to be highly specific and sensitive for detecting metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma in cytological preparations and may prove useful for distinguishing these cells from mesothelial cells in fluid cytology (32).