What is the uric acid cycle?

The uric acid cycle is a cyclic adaptation of the process used for mammalian purine catabolism. Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is formed which reacts with pyrophosphate to form hypoxanthine and 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP). Pyrophosphate is regenerated by the PRPP amidotransferase reaction.

What enzymes break down uric acid?

The enzyme responsible for purine metabolism is uricase (urate oxidase, oxidoreductase, EC 1.7. 3.3). It activates the oxidation of uric acid to soluble allantoin.

What is uric acid enzymatic?

Enzymatic determination of uric acid results from the specific oxidation of uric acid by uricase, which converts its substrate to allantoin. The differential absorbance of these substances at 293 nm allows quantification.

What is the function of urea cycle?

The urea cycle helps to excrete two harmful gases, ammonia and carbon dioxide, from the body. The steps of this cycle take place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm.

What kills uric acid in the body?

Eating more fiber will help your body get rid of uric acid. Fiber can also help balance your blood sugar and insulin levels. It also tends to increase satiety, helping to lower the risk of overeating.

Can uric acid increase due to stress?

When you are stressed out, your body loses pantothenic acid. This acid is important because it aids the body in removing uric acid, and when levels of pantothenic acid are low, uric acid is high, which leads to gout.

What is the side effects of high uric acid?

If untreated, high uric acid levels may eventually lead to permanent bone, joint and tissue damage, kidney disease and heart disease. Research has also shown a link between high uric acid levels and type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and fatty liver disease.

Which is enzyme catalyzes the formation of uric acid?

Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme which catalyzes the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine, which in turn are produced from other purines. Xanthine oxidase is a large enzyme whose active site consists of the metal molybdenum bound to sulfur and oxygen.

How is uric acid produced in the body?

It is produced by the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which oxidizes oxypurines such as xanthine into uric acid. In most mammals, except humans and higher primates, the enzyme uricase further oxidizes uric acid to allantoin. Uric acid is also the end product of nitrogen metabolism in birds and reptiles.

How is uric acid catabolism maintained in the cell?

Under physiological conditions the enzymes involved in the purine metabolism maintain in the cell a balanced ratio between their synthesis and degradation. In humans the final compound of purines catabolism is uric acid. All other mammals possess the enzyme uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin that is easily eliminated through urine.

How is the urea cycle related to the citric acid cycle?

[1] (p.734) The urea cycle and the citric acid cycle are independent cycles but are linked. One of the nitrogens in the urea cycle is obtained from the transamination of oxaloacetate to aspartate. The fumarate that is produced in step three is also an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and is returned to that cycle.