What is Autotetraploid and Amphidiploid?

Allopolyploid: an organism or individual that contains two or more sets of genetically distinct chromosomes, usually by hybridization between different species. Amphidiploid: synonymous to allopolyploid. Autopolyploid: a polyploid created by the multiplication of one basic set of chromosomes (in one species).

What is a Amphidiploid in biology?

: an interspecific hybrid having a complete diploid chromosome set from each parent form. — called also allotetraploid.

What is an example of Amphidiploid?

For example, the F 1 hybrid resulting from a cross between a cabbage (Brassica sp.) and a radish (Raphanus sp.) is sterile. During meiosis the chromosomes undergo pairing just like a normal diploid plant, and the result is a generally true-breeding hybrid, named Raphanobrassica. See also allopolyploid.

What is Amphi polyploidy?

There are mainly two types of polyploidy- autopolyploidy and allo(amphi)polyploidy. There are various types under each of these major divisions. 1. Autopolyploidy is the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes derived from a single genotype.

Can polyploidy be passed to offspring?

In cases such as this, the offspring are sterile and can no longer reproduce because of the odd number of chromosomes they provide for offspring. The success of polyploidy occurs when two tetraploids combine and reproduce to create more tetraploid offspring.

Is an example of auto triploid?

An autotriploid could occur if a normal gamete (n) unites with a gamete that has not undergone a reduction and is thus 2n. The zygote would be 3n. Triploids could also be produced by mating a diploid (gametes = n) with a tetraploid (gametes = 2n) to produce an individual that is 3n.

Which crop is known as Amphidiploid?

In 2014, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 17.1 million tons were harvested in 37 countries across the world. The triticale hybrids are all amphidiploid, which means the plant is diploid for two genomes derived from different species. In other words, triticale is an allotetraploid.

What causes Allopolyploidy?

Allopolyploidy occurs when two closely related species mate and produce a hybrid containing chromosome sets from both parent species. The resulting hybrid is usually sterile because the chromosomes from each species cannot pair correctly during meiosis.

What are the three types of polyploidy?

There are three types of polyploidy, they are Autopolyploidy, Allopolyploidy, Auto-allopolyploidy. Autopolyploidy is a type of polyploidy in which an increase in the number of chromosomes within the same species is caused by abnormal mitosis.

What are different kinds of polyploids?

Polyploids are organisms whose genomes consist of more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Stebbins distinguished three major types of polyploids: autopolyploids, allopolyploids and segmental allopolyploids (Stebbins, 1947).

Is more better polyploidy and parasite resistance?

Connections between ploidy and parasite resistance are certainly complex, and selection on resistance is not necessarily positively linear [49] (e.g. because of immune defence costs [36]). More is not inevitably better. In fact, higher ploidy may be harmful [50].

Why are most triploids sterile?

triploid Describing a nucleus, cell, or organism that has three times (3n) the haploid number (n) of chromosomes (see also polyploid). Triploid organisms are normally sterile as their lack of homologous chromosomes prevents pairing during meiosis.

Which is a fertile allotetraploid or amphidiploid specie?

This specie is a fertile amphidiploid or allotetraploid, probably originated by genome fusion of two species (JENNINGS, 1988). West African okra–morphological and cytogenetical indicators for the existence of a natural amphidiploid of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) and Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Mediks.

Which is an example of an allotetraploid with 6 chromosomes?

This could partially explain the prevalence of allopolyploidy among crop species. Both bread wheat and Triticale are examples of an allopolyploids with six chromosome sets. Cotton, peanut, or quinoa are allotetraploids with multiple origins.

Which is an example of an allopolyploid plant?

Such a plant is generally called an amphidiploid or di-diploid or double diploid. Allopolyploidy occurs frequently in nature, and it can be experimentally produced. Most of the allopolyploid species are tetraploid, hexaploid or octaploid (Table 17.7). One famous example of allopolyploidy occurs in the sub-tribe Trichinae.

What is the difference between aneuploid and polyploidy?

Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or over-represented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning “not”, “good”, and “fold”). Aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.