Is CSWS the same as Eses?
The terms ESES and CSWS have been used interchangeably in the ensuing literature. Some propose using ESES to describe the EEG abnormalities, reserving the term CSWS to describe children exhibiting with this EEG pattern along with global cognitive regression (2).
How is Eses diagnosed?
Diagnosis of ESES is by demonstrating bilateral (rarely unilateral) continuous or near-continuous slow (1.5 to 3 Hz), diffuse, or bilateral, spike-wave discharges during NREM-sleep.
What is electrical status epilepticus?
Electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep is a condition in which the epileptic patient starts to develop neurocognitive deterioration, any type of seizures and continuous electrical activity in the EEG during non rapid eye movement sleep.
What does XL spike on EEG mean?
Spikes or sharp waves are terms commonly seen in EEG reports. If these happen only once in a while or at certain times of day, they may not mean anything. If they happen frequently or are found in specific areas of the brain, it could mean there is potentially an area of seizure activity nearby.
How is CSWS treated?
Seizures in children with CSWS are treated with anti-seizure medications. In rare instances, surgery may be recommended. Medications often used are steroids or high dose diazepam at night.
What is benign Rolandic epilepsy?
Benign rolandic epilepsy is characterized by twitching, numbness or tingling of the child’s face or tongue, and may interfere with speech and cause drooling. Seizures spread from one area of the brain and become generalized.
Can Eses go away?
Although the ESES typically disappears around the age of puberty, the cognitive dysfunction often persists.
What are the Eses?
One goes that a notorious Mexican gang, the Sureños (“Southerners”), made their way from Mexico City to Southern California in the 1960s. Ese is the Spanish name for letter S, which is how the gang members referred to each other. Or so the story goes. Ese is recorded in English for a “fellow Hispanic man” in the 1960s.
What is Panayiotopoulos syndrome?
Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a common idiopathic childhood-specific seizure disorder formally recognized by the International League Against Epilepsy. An expert consensus has defined Panayiotopoulos syndrome as “a benign age-related focal seizure disorder occurring in early and mid-childhood.
Is Rolandic epilepsy curable?
Often in benign rolandic epilepsy, no treatment is needed or recommended. Seizures in benign rolandic epilepsy are usually mild, harmless, and infrequent. Virtually all children outgrow the condition.
What are the EEG features of CSWS?
The main EEG feature of CSWS is ESES. ESES is characterized by marked potentiation of epileptiform discharges during the transition from wakefulness to sleep leading to (near-) continuous, bilateral or occasionally lateralized slow spikes and waves that occur during a significant proportion of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
What does continuous spike and wave mean in epilepsy?
Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep is a syndrome characterized by continuous spike-and-wave during sleep, seizures and progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric functioning.
When does CSWS with continuous spike and wave occur?
Epileptic Encephalopathy With Continuous Spike and Wave During Sleep (CSWS) Age of onset is 2 to 12 years (average 4 to 5 years of age). Boys seem to be affected more often than girls. There is a progressive decline in cognitive functioning 1 to 2 years after the onset of seizures.
Is there a prevalence of CSWS in children?
The prevalence is unknown. CSWS is a rare condition that affects 0.5-1.5% of children with epilepsy (in some series) and has a 3:2 male to female ratio. CSWS is an age-related epileptic encephalopathy in which the clinical features evolve over time.