Do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause hypokalemia?

In addition to the eye, carbonic anhydrase can be found in the kidney, red blood cells, and lungs. Potential side effects of oral CAIs include metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia, manifested as panting, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse. If any of these side effects are noted, discontinue CAI therapy.

How does acetazolamide affect potassium?

Acetazolamide increases the excretion of bicarbonate and sodium, decreasing the extracellular fluid concentration of bicarbonate and causing mild metabolic acidosis. Increased excretion of potassium is most likely to occur and can result in hypokalemia.

What would be a contraindication to the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may cause electrolyte imbalances, and therefore are not recommended in patients with hypokalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremic acidosis, adrenal insufficiency, or marked renal impairment.

Why carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are considered as weak diuretic?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) are weak diuretics, with the main site of action in the proximal tubular lumen and cell. Blockade of carbonic anhydrase leads to decreased bicarbonate and sodium reabsorption via the Na+/HCO3− cotransporter, resulting in reduced water reabsorption.

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Carbonic anhydrase, enzyme found in red blood cells, gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, and renal tubules that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in respiration by influencing CO2 transport in the blood.

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in glaucoma?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) reduce eye pressure by decreasing the production of intraocular fluid. These are available as eye drops and as pills. If you need to use more than one type of eyedrop, you may need to take each medicine in a certain order as prescribed by your doctor.

Does Diamox affect potassium?

This drug may reduce the potassium levels in your blood. Your doctor may recommend that you eat foods rich in potassium (such as bananas or orange juice) while you are taking this medication. Your doctor may also prescribe a potassium supplement for you to take during treatment.

How is carbonic anhydrase regulated?

In red blood cells carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction to convert carbon dioxide into carbonic acid, which further breaks down into bicarbonate ions and protons (H+). The production of bicarbonate ions and protons regulates the pH of the blood, creating an environment in which your cells can live.

What would happen if you blocked carbonic anhydrase?

What would happen if no carbonic anhydrase were present in red blood cells? Without carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide would not be hydrolyzed into carbonic acid or bicarbonate. Therefore, very little carbon dioxide (only 15 percent) would be transported in the blood away from the tissues.

How are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors related to hypokalemia?

Hypokalemia is caused by increased sodium delivery to the distal nephron and its reabsorption there in exchange for potassium. As hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis develops, the filtered load of HCO 3− decreases and the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on HCO 3− reabsorption is limited.

How are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used in dogs?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors remain one of the mainstays of medical therapy for glaucoma in dogs and cats. They act by inhibiting aqueous production.39 Various drugs are available (Table 6.4 and Appendix Table 6). Adverse effects to systemic therapy include diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbances, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis.

What are the side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Medical conditions associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Edema. Epilepsy. Glaucoma. Hydrocephalus. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis. Mountain Sickness / Altitude Sickness.

What is the ICD 10 code for diuretics?

T50- Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of diuretics and other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances T50.2X5A is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2020 edition of ICD-10-CM T50.2X5A became effective on October 1, 2019.