What is HLA in transplantation?

In the context of transplantation, HLA molecules are polymorphic antigens that comprise an immunodominant alloreactive trigger for the immune response, resulting in rejection. Remarkable advances in knowledge and technology in the field of immunogenetics have considerably enhanced the safety of transplantation.

Why is HLA typing important for transplants?

HLA matching is important for transplant HLA matching promotes the growth and development of new healthy blood cells (called engraftment) and reduces the risk of a post-transplant complication called graft-versus-host (GVHD) disease.

What does HLA stand for?

HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen. HLA antigens are proteins found on most cells in your body. These antigens are inherited as a unique set from your parents. They allow for the regulation of your immune system.

How is HLA typing related to organ transplantation?

HLA typing and its influence on organ transplantation Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are expressed on almost all nucleated cells, and they are the major molecules that initiate graft rejection. There are three classical loci at HLA class I: HLA-A, -B, and -Cw, and five loci at class II: HLA-DR, -DQ, -DP, -DM, and -DO.

When to use HLA for bone marrow transplantation?

HLA matching has had the greatest clinical impact in kidney and bone marrow transplantation, where efforts are made to match at the HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci.

What is the history of the HLA field?

In the following, a short account of the development of the HLA field is given, focusing on some highlights of the history of HLA class I and II antigens, or molecules as they should be called now, which I consider to be among the most important.

What does it mean when a patient has antibodies to the HLA?

If the patient has antibody to the donor’s HLA, the donor’s cells will be injured and this is referred to as a “positive crossmatch”. A positive crossmatch is a strong indication against transplant, since it signifies that the patient has the ability to attack the donor’s cells, and would, most likely attack the donor’s implanted kidney.