Why are organochlorines toxic?

Organochlorines are known for their high persistence and toxicity characteristics. These pesticides cause neurological damage, endocrine disorders, and have acute and chronic health effects. Hence contamination of the environment with organochlorine pesticides drastically affects the ecosystem.

What are organochlorine pesticides?

Organochlorine pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons used extensively from the 1940s through the 1960s in agriculture and mosquito control.

People can be exposed to organochlorine pesticides through accidental inhalation exposure if you are in an area where they were recently applied.

Why are organochlorines used as pesticides?

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are an organic compound with highly toxic, refractory and easily residual characteristics, They were used in large quantities as pesticides in China’s agricultural production process, resulting in large amounts of soil residues and groundwater permeation from irrigation.

Is Atrazine an organochlorine?

Examples of organochlorine pesticides associated with endocrine disruption: organochlorine pesticides DDT and endosulfan, atrazine, vinclozolin and tributyltin (TBT).

What is organochlorine made of?

Organochlorines – They contain organic carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. They include compounds such as: Diphenyl aliphatics – Compounds like DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloro ethane) and hexchlorocyclohexane.

Are organochlorines banned in the US?

Since the early 1970s, the use of DDT and common organochlorine insecticides has been banned in the United States and Europe, but they are still manufactured and used in developing countries to control malaria-causing mosquitoes.

Is Atrazine a PCB?

The concentrations of organochlorines (PCBs, pesticides) and herbicides (triazines, phenylureas) were determined in the atmosphere. Lindane, atrazine and simazine were the main pesticides found.

Why is DDT banned?

Regulation Due to Health and Environmental Effects In 1972, EPA issued a cancellation order for DDT based on its adverse environmental effects, such as those to wildlife, as well as its potential human health risks. DDT is: known to be very persistent in the environment, will accumulate in fatty tissues, and.

What is the toxicity of metalaxyl?

Metalaxyl is generally of low acute toxicity but it is a moderate eye irritant and has been placed in Toxicity Category II, which indicates the second highest degree of acute toxicity, for eye irritation effects. In a subchronic feeding study using rats, reduced food consumption and liver cell effects were observed at the highest dose tested.

Does metalaxyl cause reproductive effects?

Reproductive effects: A three-generation rat study where animals were fed up to 2.5 mg/kg/day showed no compound related maternal toxicity or reproductive effects [19]. These data suggest that metalaxyl is unlikely to cause reproductive effects.

Is metalaxyl toxic to freshwater aquatic invertebrates?

Freshwater aquatic invertebrates are slightly more susceptible to metalaxyl. Daphnia magna, a small freshwater crustacean, has an LC50 of 12.5 to 28 mg/L, depending on the product formulation [46]. This indicates that metalaxyl is slightly toxic to this organism.

How is metalaxyl metabolized in humans and animals?

Fate in humans and animals:Studies with rats and goats showed rapid metabolism and excretion via the urine and feces [19]. Metalaxyl is metabolized to a variety of products before excretion [19].