What is Glycidyl esters?

Glycidyl esters (GE) are process contaminants generated during the deodorisation step of edible oil refining. In particular, GE are found in high abundance in refined palm oil. In addition, isomers of GE, formed from DAG heated at T > 140 °C, were identified as oxopropyl esters.

How is Glycidol formed?

Glycidyl esters are foodborne contaminants formed during the production of fats and oils, especially during the deodorization of palm oil. The hydrolyzed free form of glycidol has been categorized as probably carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer.

What is GE in palm oil?

What is GE in palm oil? Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs) are contaminants formed from edible oil during high-temperature refining processes. GEs, therefore, end up in foods containing oils and fats.

What is Glycidol used for?

Glycidol is used as a chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry, as a stabilizer in the manufacture of vinyl polymers, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, and amines.

What is MCPD in palm oil?

The chemical 3-monochloropropane diol (3-MCPD) and related substances called 3-MCPD esters are food processing contaminants found in some processed foods and vegetable oils, mainly palm oil. The European Commission is finalising new EU legislation aimed at reducing GE levels in vegetable oils and food.

What does glycidol do to your body?

Exposure to glycidol may also cause central nervous system depression, followed by central nervous system stimulation. It is listed as an IARC Group 2A Agent, meaning that it is “probably carcinogenic to humans”.

What is glycidol found in?

Glycidyl fatty acid esters may be present in any foods that contain refined vegetable oils and fats. So far the highest levels were found in refined palm oil. It can be assumed that foods with a large share of palm oil also contain the highest levels of glycidyl esters.

How can you reduce 3-MCPD in palm oil?

Bleaching with synthetic magnesium silicate reduced the 3-MCPD-E concentration by 67%. For the deodorization step, several mitigation strategies, such as double-deodorization, the addition of various antioxidants, or a longer deodorization time, can reduce the formations of 3-MCPD-E by 82% and Gly-E by 78%.

How is 3-MCPD formed?

3-MCPD and 2-MCPD are food processing contaminants formed by heat as a reaction product of triacyl glycerols, phospholipids or glycerol and hydrochloric acid in fat-based or fat-containing foods.

Is glycidol a cigarette?

Glycidol is a probable carcinogen found in e-cigarette vapor. Propylene oxide is a respiratory irritant and possible carcinogen found in e-cigarette liquid. Notably, the researchers conclude that several of these compounds come from heating the liquid’s solvents, propylene glycol and glycerin.

How do Ecigarettes work?

E-cigarettes are devices that deliver an aerosol by heating a solution that users breath in. The aerosol is commonly referred to as ‘vapour’. Using an e-cigarette is commonly known as ‘vaping’. E-cigarettes are battery‑operated and may look like cigarettes, cigars, pipes, pens or memory sticks.