What is fluorous phase reactions?
Fluorous media are orthogonal to organic and aqueous phases. The separation of the reaction mixture is conducted with an organic/fluorous biphasic extraction or an organic/aqueous/fluorous triphasic extraction if water-soluble materials are involved (Figure 1).
What are fluorous biphasic solvents?
Solvents containing fluorine with a relatively large component in molecules are called fluorous solvents. The characteristic feature of fluorous solvents is that they mix with neither common organic solvents nor water at room temperature thus forming biphasic systems, and they dissolve fluorine-rich compounds well.
What is the meaning of atom economy?
The atom economy of a reaction is a measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products. It is important for sustainable development and for economic reasons to use reactions with high atom economy.
How can the atom economy of a reaction be improved?
Using a lower molecular weight base and/or a higher molecular weight triglyceride would reduce the mass of waste and/or increase the mass of the product, thus increasing the atom economy.
Is Peg a solvent?
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an eco-friendly solvent. Various metal-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond formation reactions can conduct in PEG. Reactions have excellent compatibility in both thermal and microwave irradiations. Metal-PEG system can readily recover and reuse.
What is peg in green chemistry?
Abstract. In recent years, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has attracted special attention as a green and inexpensive solvent in various chemical transformations.
What type of reaction has the highest atom economy?
addition reactions
Because addition reactions in general lead to the incorporation of all the atoms of the reactants into the final desired products, addition reactions result in high atom economy.
How can you improve atom economy?
Which is 100 atom economy reaction?
Calculating percentage atom economy The highest possible value of atom economy is 100%, when all the reactant atoms end up in the desired product. If the atom economy is 50%, for example, then half the reactant atoms end up in the desired product or products.
What is PEG solvent?
PEG is a hydrophilic polymer, easily soluble in water and many organic solvents including: toluene, dichloromethane, alcohol, and acetone, but it is not soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, or diethyl ether. …
What is solventless process?
A solventless process is a chemical process that takes place in the absence of a solvent. A dry media chemical reaction or solid-state chemical reaction, each of which may be referred to as a solventless reaction, is a chemical reaction that takes place in a system in which there is no solvent.
What was the impact of the discovery of fluorous biphase?
Impact of the Discovery of Fluorous Biphasic Systems on Chemistry: A Statistical and Network Analysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2017, 5 (9) , 8108-8118. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01722 Odile Eisenstein, Jessica Milani, and Robin N. Perutz .
How are perfluorinated substituents used in fluorous chemistry?
Fluorous chemistry involves the use of perfluorinated compounds or perfluorinated substituents to facilitate recovery of a catalyst or reaction product. Perfluorinated groups impart unique physical properties including high solubility in perfluorinated solvents.
What is the International Symposium on Fluorous Technologies?
The International Symposium on Fluorous Technologies (ISoFT) is a biennial meeting that brings together scientists working in the area of fluorous chemistry. ^ a b c István T. Horváth (Ed.)
Which is a major application of fluorous chemistry?
A major application of fluorous chemistry involves the use of fluorosurfactant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to facilitate the production of Teflon. The technology is controversial because of the slow rates of biodegradation of such compounds.