What are the 2 Hardy-Weinberg equations?
The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Where ‘p2’ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), ‘2pq’ the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa) and ‘q2’ the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
What does the 2 represent in Hardy-Weinberg?
Explanation: In the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation ( p2+2pq+q2=1 ), the term 2pq represents the genotype frequency of heterozygotes (Aa) in a population in equilibrium. The term p2 represents the frequency of dominant homozygotes (AA) and the term q2 represents the frequency of recessive homozygotes (aa).
Can a locus have more than 2 alleles?
Alleles are the pairs of genes occupying a specific spot called locus on a chromosome. Typically, there are only two alleles for a gene in a diploid organism. When there is a gene existing in more than two allelic forms, this condition is referred to as multiple allelism.
How do you find q2 in Hardy-Weinberg?
So, since white is recessive (i.e. bb), and 40% of the butterflies are white, then bb = q2 = 0.4. To determine q, which is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population, simply take the square root of q2 which works out to be 0.632 (i.e. 0.632 x 0.632 = 0.4).
What is the difference between allele and genotype frequency?
Allele or gene frequency is a measure of the relative frequency of an allele on a genetic locus in a population. Genotypic frequency is the proportion of a particular genotype amongst all the individuals in a population.
What are the 5 principles of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are: no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disrupted by deviations from any of its five main underlying conditions.
Why is there a 2 in 2pq but not in p2 or Q2?
9. Why is there a “2” in “2pq” but not in “p2” nor “q2”? 16% of a population is unable to taste the chemical PTC. These non- tasters are recessive for the tasting gene.
Why is the frequency of a heterozygous in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium multiplied by 2?
Why is the frequency of a heterozygote in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium multiplied by 2? A heterozygote can be produced through two different combinations of egg and sperm.
What is p2 2pq q2?
In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa.
What is the Hardy Weinberg principle in biology?
The Hardy–Weinberg Principle The Hardy – Weinberg principle relates allele frequencies to genotype frequencies in a randomly mating population. Imagine that you have a population with two alleles (A and B) that segregate at a single locus. The frequency of allele A is denoted by p and the frequency of allele B is denoted by q.
What are the consequences of Hardy-Weinberg law?
The consequences are completely dependent on the deduction that has been digressed. The law mentions that the population shall have the Hardy Weinberg proportions (given genotypic frequencies) once a single generation of random mating is carried out in a population.
Is the Hardy-Weinberg theorem still used today?
No. But maintaining this type of balance today is difficult. Godfrey Hardy was an English mathematician. Wilhelm Weinberg was a German doctor. Each worked alone to come up with the founding principle of population genetics. Today, that principle is called the Hardy-Weinberg theorem.
What are the five assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
The five assumptions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are: 1 Random mating 2 No mutation 3 No natural selection 4 No gene flow or migration 5 A very large population size (no genetic drift)